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Prunus cerasus or sour cherry is a bush or small tree attaining a height of 4-5 m with leaves that are somewhat hard and smooth, while the drupes are a more or less dark red with a skin that separates from the flesh. The flesh is very juicy, tart and sometimes a little bitter.
Perhaps originally from Asia Minor, the Romans became acquainted with it in the imperial era, a little after the sweet cherry, a species that was imported from Asia by Lucullus.
It is currently cultivated in various forms: the visciolone sour cherries, also called wild dwarf or amarelle cherries, which are slightly bitter, and the viscioline sour cherries, also called marasca or morello cherries, which have sharp-tasting flesh.
There are many forms within the above-mentioned varieties that are distinguished according to their vegetative characteristics and in particular the size of the fruit, colour of the skin and flesh, organoleptic properties, etc.
Fruit bearing is at its peak towards the 8th – 10th year from planting. This cultivation has both qualities and defects. The former include: easy, fast entry into production and abundance; the latter include: difficulty of adaptation of the plant to the ground, difficulty of pollination, high harvesting cost.
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